Pain, Sleep Disturbance and Smoking Among Patients with Covid-19 Presenting to the Emergency Department.

AIM: The study aimed to determine the pain, sleep disturbance, and smoking among patients with Covid-19 who were presented to emergency departments. METHOD: This descriptive research was conducted between November 2020 and December 2021. The study population comprised 400 patients with COVID-19 who were presented to emergency departments at Ataturk University Research Hospital and Erzurum City Hospital and who agreed to participate in the study. The data were collected by the researcher via face-to-face interviews. Personal Information Form, Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence, Insomnia Severity Index, and McGill Pain Scale Short Form were used to collect the data. Descriptive statistics were presented as number, percentage, mean, and standard deviation. Parametric and nonparametric methods (t-test, Kruskal-Wallis Variance, Mann-Whitney U test, and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) were used to compare variables between the groups. Ethical approval was obtained from the relevant authority prior to data collection and oral consent was obtained from all patients. RESULTS: It was determined that 52.5% of the patients were smokers; 24% of the smokers reported a decrease in smoking after being diagnosed with COVID-19. Nicotine addiction was found to be higher in men, tradesmen, and patients aged 55-64 years. McGill pain scale emotional sub-dimension scores were higher in women, whereas the sensory sub-dimension scores were higher in married patients. McGill pain scale total scores were higher in women, unemployed patients, and those with chronic diseases. Insomnia severity index was higher in women, smokers, and patients in the age group of 65-75 years. CONCLUSION: According to the results of the present study, pain, smoking, and sleep disorders in patients diagnosed with COVID-19 were affected by socio-demographic characteristics.

The relationship between individuals' use of complementary and alternative medicine during the pandemic in Turkey and their attitudes towards perceived COVID-19 risk.

Introduction: The perceived COVID-19 risk may lead to the use of various complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) modalities to reduce the potential risks of this disease. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between individuals' use of complementary and alternative medicine during the pandemic in Turkey and their attitudes towards perceived COVID-19 risk. Methods: The study was conducted in Turkey between November 2021 and March 2022 and 1003 individuals voluntarily participated. The Personal Information Form, Attitude Towards Holistic Complementary and Alternative Medicine Scale (HCAMS), and Perceived COVID-19 Risk Scale (PCRS) were used for data collection. To evaluate the data descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation, and Cronbach's alpha reliability analysis were used. Results: In the study, 54.2% of the individuals were found to use CAM during the pandemic, and 56.2% believed that CAM practices were useful in preventing or recovering from COVID-19. It was revealed that 53.8% of the individuals drank herbal tea, 55.2% used religious and spiritual healing to manage, 6.6% used massage, and 10.1% applied aromatherapy. The mean total score of the HCAMS was 28.29 ± 4.99, and the mean total score of the perceived COVID-19 risk scale was 27.78 ± 6.35. A statistically significant positive correlation was identified between the CAM subscale and the emotional risk subscale (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Individuals had a positive attitude towards using CAM during the pandemic period, the risk perception of COVID-19 was high and CAM methods were widely used.The literature should be supported by increasing the current and scientific studies in which CAM methods are questioned and their benefits are investigated during epidemic periods.

The Relationship Between Individuals' Use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine During the Pandemic in Turkey and Their Attitudes Towards Perceived COVID-19 Risk

Introduction The perceived COVID-19 risk may lead to the use of various complementary and alternative medicine(CAM) modalities to reduce the potential risks of this disease.The study was conducted to investigate the relationship between individuals' use of complementary and alternative medicine during the pandemic in Turkey and their attitudes towards perceived COVID-19 risk. Methods The study was conducted in Turkey between November 2021 and March 2022. 1003 individuals voluntarily participated in the study.The Personal Information Form, Attitude Towards Holistic Complementary and Alternative Medicine Scale(HCAMS), and Perceived COVID-19 Risk Scale were used in data collection.To evaluate the data descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation, and Cronbach's alpha reliability analysis were used. Results In the study, 54.2% of the individuals were found to use CAM during the pandemic, and 56.2% believed that CAM practices were useful in preventing or recovering from COVID-19. It was revealed that 53.8% of the individuals drank herbal tea, 55.2% used religious and spiritual healing management, 6.6% massaged, and 10.1% applied aromatherapy.The mean total score of the HCAMS was 28.29±4.99, and the mean total score of the perceived COVID-19 risk scale was 27.78±6.35.A statistically significant positive correlation was identified between the CAM subscale and the emotional risk subscale(p<0.05). Conclusion In the study, it was determined that individuals had a positive attitude towards CAM during the pandemic period, the risk perception of COVID-19 was high and CAM methods were widely used.The literature should be supported by increasing the current and scientific studies in which CAM methods are questioned and their benefits are investigated during epidemic periods.